Fig. 3: Mean annual temperature and body size evolution among extant birds and mammals.
From: Global latitudinal gradients and the evolution of body size in dinosaurs and mammals
a Estimated branch-wise changes in body mass (log10 g) as a function of mean annual temperature (°C) along branches of the avian phylogeny. A trend from upper left to lower right would be consistent with Bergmann’s rule. Point colour reflects estimated changes in MAT. Birds are represented by the Geospiza silhouette (Ryan Cubo; CC0 1.0 license). b Extant bird phylogeny with branches coloured by rates of body mass evolution (log10 g/myr), controlling for MAT (°C). Scatter plot shows rates as a function of node height with silhouettes highlighting Darwin’s finches (Geospiza) and seabirds (Laridae; Sean McCann; CC0 1.0). c Estimated branch-wise changes in body mass (log10 g) as a function of mean annual temperature (°C) along branches of the mammalian phylogeny. d Extant mammal phylogeny with branches coloured by rates of body mass evolution (log10 g/myr), controlling for MAT (°C). Mammals are represented by the Ursus arctos silhouette (Tracy Heath; CC0 1.0). g grams, MAT mean annual temperature, mya million years ago, myr million years.
