Fig. 4: The amount of total and each chemical composition of wax and cutin in the root tips of wild-type, overexpressors, and various mutants.

a The amount of total wax in different genotypes. b The amount of each chemical composition of wax in different genotypes. c, d TEM images showing CCW at the surface of the outermost lateral root cap cells (100 μm from the root tip) before and after wax extraction. Three biological replicates were carried out. e The amount of total cutin in various genotypes. f Amount of each chemical composition of the cutin in various genotypes. The measurements were carried out by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) (a, b, e, f). FA fatty acids, HFA ω-hydroxy fatty acids, TriOH 18:1 FA 9,10,18-triOH C18:1 fatty acids, DCA dicarboxylic acids. Each circle represents a measurement of a biologically independent sample. Data are the means ± SD of three biological replicates (a, b, e, f). Scale bars represent 500 nm in (c, d). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used for statistical analyses with P < 0.01.