Fig. 5: Transcriptional levels of most genes coding for the enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of CCW are downregulated in root tips of the triple mutant compared with those in Col-0.

a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in root tips of arh1-2 fei1-C fei2-C compared with those in Col-0 identified by RNA-seq analysis. KEGG pathways were analyzed using KEGG Mapper. The pathways directly related to cutin and wax were marked in red. Source data for RNA-seq are included in the Source Data file. The “Rich Ratio” represents the enrichment degree of DEGs in each pathway. The number of the enriched DEGs is represented by the size of each circle, with a larger circle indicating a greater number. The Q value represents the adjusted p value after multiple testing, which was completed by using Bonferroni correction, and a smaller Q value indicates a more significant enrichment effect. RT-qPCR analyses confirm the expression levels of most genes coding for the biosynthesis enzymes of cell wall (b, c), cutin, and wax (d, e), and cell wall expansion (f) are significantly downregulated in root tips of arh1-2 fei1-C fei2-C compared with those in Col-0. Data are the mean of three biological replicates.