Fig. 3: Combining sensory coding and neuromodulation in a neuromorphic artificial retina.

a Schematics depicting the biological neural pathway. b Output voltage of the afferent neuron, the synaptic modulator of the dopamine neuron, the dopamine neuron, the synaptic modulator of the serotonin neuron, the serotonin neuron, for two light intensity conditions (low and high).