Fig. 3: Measuring the surface buoyancy on a fixed body.
From: Levitation and dynamics of bodies in supersaturated fluids
a Experimental setup for measuring the surface buoyancy. A spherical 3D-printed body is held fixed in place in carbonated water for 4 min, then removed from and reinserted into the fluid. Bubbles form, grow, merge and detach, and the force is registered by the scale. b The surface buoyancy force, B(t; t0) during a single experiment. The force increases at a rate λ(t0) which depends on the insertion time t0, tapering off to a value Bs(t0) (measured later, at \({t}_{0}+4\min\)). The rate λ(t0) is computed using the lines shown. c The growth rate, λ(t0). The mean and standard deviation across five experiments are shown as symbols and error bars. The solid curve is based on a model which assumes λ ∝ S3/2 and using (1). d The stabilized surface buoyancy force, Bs, measured at \({t}_{0}+4\min\), along with a linear fit. e Bubble configuration on the spherical surface at three different moments after an early insertion time of t0 = 1 min.
