Fig. 6: Formation of 3D spherulites via pipetting-induced secondary nucleation.

a UV-vis absorption spectra of 2EH-PDI dormant monomers (red), one hour after applying the slow mechanical agitation via repetitive pipetting (green), LSP after adding 10 mol% seed (blue) in MCH*. b Time-dependent variation in the absorbance of 2EH-PDI at 515 nm after applying the mechanical agitation via repetitive pipetting to the dormant monomer (green). The control experiments by adding the 10 mol% seed (blue) and 0 mol% seed (red) to the dormant monomers of the 2EH-PDI are shown for comparison. c Optical microscopy image of the spherulites obtained in MCH* after applying the slow mechanical agitation via repetitive pipetting. d–g FE-SEM images of 2EH-PDI, obtained by spin coating the solutions on a silicon wafer after d 5 min., e 15 min., f 30 min. g 50 min. of applying the mechanical agitation via repetitive pipetting to the dormant monomers of 2EH-PDI (c = 50 μM, solvent MCH*). The image in c is representative of three experiments, images in d–f are representative of one experiment, and the image in g is representative of three experiments.