Fig. 3: Effects of grassland management on ecosystem-service indicators (ES-indicators) according to a generalized linear latent variable model.
From: Effects of management practices on the ecosystem-service multifunctionality of temperate grasslands
Significant effects are shown in black (P < 0.05). Regression estimates (points) and 95% confidence intervals (bars) derived from testing the main effects of Production system (a), Eco-scheme (b), and Harvest type (c) on the 22 max-scaled ecosystem-service indicators. Color coding of icons for ecosystem-service indicators corresponds to the respective ecosystem service according to CICES (see Fig. 1). Ecosystem-service indicators in italics have been reversed to show services instead of disservices. This model included three environmental variables, soil pH, sand content, and elevation, the coefficient plots of which can be found in Supplementary Fig. S2. N = 86 grasslands. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
