Fig. 2: Characterization of the PM/S-PAcH(L) precipitates and proposed PM adsorption mechanism of S-PAcH.

a–c TEM images of the PM/S-PAcH(L) precipitates: (a) Au, (b) Pd, and (c) Pt. d XRD patterns of the pristine S-PAcH(L) and PM/S-PAcH(L) precipitates. e–g Deconvolution of the high-resolution (e) Au4f, (f) N1s, and (g) C1s XPS peaks of the Au/S-PAcH(L) precipitate. The precipitates were formed by allowing contact between S-PAcH(L) (0.2 g L–1) and PM (200 mg L–1) aqueous solutions (pH = 2) for 3 h. h–j Proposed PM adsorption mechanism of S-PAcH.