Fig. 1: The PATTERN concept.

a The pipeline for PATTERN imaging. Partially created with BioRender.com released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en. b Schematic of the PATTERN system. The agar-based sample holder enables intact brain imaging without the need for embedding, and the inlet and outlet were perfused with phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or 4 °C artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) to maintain biological activity. Inset: the FOV of PATTERN is a cylinder with a diameter defined by the translation distance. c Imaging sequence of PATTERN. A total of 32 rotations and 1024 translation steps were performed in a single scan cycle. A typical bleaching process includes 8 scan cycles, taking approximately 17.5 mins. d–g PATTERN images of a mouse brain whose hippocampus was labeled with iRFP713 and EGFP. d Bottom view of a 3D-rendered volume. Insets: magnified views of a projection feature. e–g Tomographic views from three orthogonal perspectives related to planes in (d). The bleaching curve of the point indicated by the white arrow is shown in Fig. 2e.