Fig. 5: OcHeR-mediated specific light-modulation of OmrDE.

a, b ATP hydrolysis of purified OmrDE with OcHeR using the colorimetric determination of P_i. a Non-linear fits were evaluated using the Michaelis–Menten equation, and the measurements were conducted in an independent experimental group (n = 3). b Specificity constants (k_cat/K_m) are represented as bars. c, d Drug translocation of OmrDE and OcHeR co-expressed in IMVs based on the fluorescence intensity in the absence and presence of light. c The drug translocation assay was recorded at different time points; the relative fluorescence units (RFUs) were normalized to the initial recording, performed in an independent experimental group (n = 5). The significance between the two groups (WT in the absence and presence of light) was analyzed using the two-tailed Student’s t-test. d The delta-normalized RFU means that the data in (c) at 15 min were subtracted from the initial recording, which was analyzed using a one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with the post-hoc Dunnett test. The box plots information: minima and maxima, dash marks; centre, cross mark; whisker range, standard deviation; percentile range, 25% (Q1) and 75% (Q3). e Non-liner fits were averaged from data in Supplementary Fig. 10h‒m, where the x-axis modified logarithmic number to number. Dotted and solid lines indicate the absence and presence of light, respectively. f The IC₅₀ value for DAPI of data, obtained data in Supplementary Fig. 7h‒m, is estimated using the Dose–Response equation in an independent experimental group (n = 3). Gray and colored bars indicate the absence and presence of light, respectively. g Photocycles of OcHeR without and with OmrDE were recorded at 554 [G (ground) state] and 618 nm (O state); half-life (t_1/2) values through data analysis were estimated using exponential decay equation as non-linear fitted lines of data in Supplementary Fig. 6i. h Schematic model of a non-essential activator. Data information: In (a‒d, f, g), data are presented as mean value ± SD. In (c, d), p values and no significance are indicated with asterisks and labeled “ns”, respectively. Exact p values are indicated in the asterisks.