Fig. 4: Temperature and melt distributions beneath Axial Seamount.

a A temperature model with a 1150 °C cutoff assuming both anharmonic and anelastic effects46. b Estimated melt fraction within regions with temperature above 1150 °C assuming spherical inclusions. Green dashed lines show the bottom of layer 2A. Purple rectangles denote the locations of hydrothermal vents. Red sold lines in (a) show the temperature outline of the 1150 °C isotherm. Brown contour in (b) marks a high-melt zone (~32%), and white contours outline melt zones with ~26% and ~11%. MMR: main magma reservoir. WMR: western magma reservoir. SMR: secondary magma reservoir. SSMR: shallow secondary magma reservoir.