Fig. 5: Interior water-filled CNT sample fabrication and fluid isobar analysis.
From: Environmental damping and vibrational coupling of confined fluids within isolated carbon nanotubes
a A microscopic image of FIB-cut opened CNT samples. Left: a drop-casted CNT catalyst; Squared window: 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm TEM window with 200 nm pores on a Si3N4 membrane; Both ends: FIB-cut lines. b A microscopic image of a Torr-sealed CNT sample. Following the CNT sample exposure to water vapor, Torr seal glues were applied outside of the TEM window to seal both ends of CNTs. c A picture of the interior water vapor-filled CNT sample. d A schematic illustration of a water-filled CNT system. \(s\) denotes solid components from the graphitic ribbons, and \(l\) represents liquid components from the internal fluid, depicted as red water molecules inside the CNT. Both components bring spring and dashpot contributing to the RBM shift, as described by Eq. (9). e TEM images of a dynamically formed entity from the electron beam within the interior CNT after a water-vapor filling procedure, assigned to a water-carbon oxidation product. TEM image at the time of (i) 10 s, (ii) 30 s, (iii) 1 min (Supplementary Movie 2). Not observed in an as-grown (empty) CNT. f The RBM of the interior wall displays reversible thermal trajectories and positive second derivative over 7 temperature cycles. g The experimental data (blue circles) were fitted to the Langmuir isobar adsorption as shown in the red curves and exhibited a reasonable fit in the linearized form indicated in the red lines (Supplementary Text 14). Source data are provided as a Source Data File.
