Fig. 3: Characterization of the PBNZ recycled from POD-like long-term catalysis.

a Illustration of the POD-like cyclic catalysis process. Relative POD-like activity of the b 81 nm and c 43 nm PBNZ recycled from cyclic catalysis (n = 3 independent experiments). Fitting XPS Fe2p spectrum of the d 81 nm and e 43 nm PBNZ recycled from cyclic catalysis. Fitting XPS Fe2p spectrum of the f 81 nm and g 43 nm PBNZ recycled from the incubation with 0.12% H2O2. Relative POD-like activity of the PBNZ recycled from the incubation with 0.12% H2O2 using h ABTS and i TMB as chromogenic substrate (n = 3 independent experiments). Error bars represent SD from three independent measurements and all data are presented as mean values ± SD.