Fig. 5: In vivo antitumor efficacy.

Therapeutic efficacy in a prophylactic setting (a–e). a Prophylactic treatment regimen. b Photographs of tumors in each group (n = 5 mice). c Tumor weight in each group (n = 5 mice). d TUNEL staining of tumors after different treatments. The scale bar is 200 μm. Experiments were repeated three times. n = 5 mice in each group. e CD3-immunofluorescence staining of tumor tissues after different treatments. The scale bar is 50 μm. Experiments were repeated three times. n = 5 mice in each group. Therapeutic efficacy in a therapeutic setting (f–l). f Treatment scheme on established PDAC mice. Representative g magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images and h computerized tomography (CT) images of PDAC mice after different treatments (n = 5 mice). The circles represent suspicious tumor areas. Experiments were repeated three times. i Representative photographs of resected tumors in each group. n = 5 mice in each group. j Tumor weight in each group (n = 5 mice). k H&E, TUNEL, and Ki67 staining of tumor tissues after different treatments. The scale bars are 200 μm. Experiments were repeated three times. n = 5 mice in each group. l H&E staining of lungs in each group. The scale bar is 1.5 mm. The arrows indicate metastatic tumor niches. Experiments were repeated three times. n = 5 mice in each group. m Body weight of mice after various treatments (n = 5 mice). Significance between two groups was calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test (c and j). Data are means ± sem. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.