Fig. 1: Synthesis scheme and physical characterizations of Cr0.2Ru0.8O2-x.

a Schematic synthesis of Cr0.2Ru0.8O2-x. b XRD patterns and c Raman spectra of Cr0.2Ru0.8O2-x, homemade RuO2, and commercial RuO2. d TEM image and diameter distribution (inset) of Cr0.2Ru0.8O2-x. e HADDF-STEM images of Cr0.2Ru0.8O2-x under low and high (inset) magnifications. f Corresponding fast Fourier transform pattern of inset in (e). g EDS mapping of Cr0.2Ru0.8O2-x.