Fig. 4: Genetic function of ROC4 in rice.

a SEM micrographs of the leaf surface of ROC4KO-1, ROC4KO-2, ROC4OE-20, ROC4OE-24, and ZH11 plants to reveal the wax status. Bars are 2 µm. b GC-MS assay of the wax content in the leaves of ROC4KO-1, ROC4OE-24, and ZH11 plants. c Phenotype of ROC4KO-1, ROC4KO-2, and ZH11 plants after 20% PEG6000 treatment. Uniformly grown plants were treated for 9 days before re-watering. d Survival of the plants in (c). e Phenotype of ROC4OE-20, ROC4OE-24, and ZH11 plants after 20% PEG6000 treatment. Uniformly grown plants were treated for 11 days before re-watering. f Survival of the plants in (e). g, h, j Phenotype of ROC4KO-1, ROC4KO-2, and ZH11 plants after BPH infestation in an individual test (g) and small population test (h, j). i, k Survival of the plants in (h) and (j). l, m, o Phenotype of ROC4OE-20, ROC4OE-24, and ZH11 plants after BPH infestation in an individual test (l) and small population test (m, o). n, p Survival of the plants in (m) and (o). Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Data in (b), (d), (f), (i), (k), (n), and (p) are means ± SD (n = 3), and the P-values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.