Fig. 5: Characterization of drought tolerance and BPH infestation in ROC5KO plants, and recovery of ACL1-D plants from ROC4 and ROC5 overexpression.

a Phenotype of ROC5KO and ZH11 plants after direct water cut-off. Uniformly grown plants were treated for 6 days before re-watering. b Survival of the plants in (a). c Phenotype of ROC5KO and ZH11 plants after 20% PEG6000 treatment. Uniformly grown plants were treated for 11 days before re-watering. d Survival of the plants in (c). e, f Phenotype of ROC5KO and ZH11 plants after BPH infestation in an individual test (e) and small population test (f). g Survival of the plants in (f). h Phenotype of ZH11, ACL1-D, and 4OE/ACL1-D plants after direct water cut-off. Uniformly grown plants were treated for 6 days before re-watering. i Survival of the plants in (h). j, k Phenotype of ZH11, ACL1-D, and 4OE/ACL1-D plants after BPH infestation in an individual test (j) and small population test (k). l Survival of the plants in (k). m Phenotype of ZH11, ACL1-D, and 5OE/ACL1-D plants after direct water cut-off. Uniformly grown plants were treated for 6 days before re-watering. n Survival of the plants in (m). o, p Phenotype of ZH11, ACL1-D, and 5OE/ACL1-D plants after BPH infestation in an individual test (o) and small population test (p). q Survival of the plants in (p). r SEM micrographs of the leaf surface of ZH11, ACL1-D, 4OE/ACL1-D, and 5OE/ACL1-D plants. Bars are 2 µm. s–x Transverse sections of leaves of ZH11, ACL1-D, ROC4OE-24, 4OE/ACL1-D, ROC5OE-9, and 5OE/ACL1-D leaves. The bars are 0.5 cm. Data in (b), (d), (g), (i), (l), (n), and (q) are means ± SD (n = 3). The P-values in (b), (d), and (g) were determined by a two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. Different letters in (i), (l), (n), and (q) indicated significant differences determined by one-way ANOVA with two-sided Tukey’s HSD test (P < 0.01). P-values are shown in the Source Data file.