Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of different strategies for olefin epoxidation.

a, b Comparison of (a) industrial thermo-catalytic oxidation methods and (b) electrocatalytic oxidation methods. c Schematic illustration of the kinetic-dependent surface-confined radical pathway for the efficient electrocatalytic olefin epoxidations, and comparison with direct oxidation and mediator-assisted homogeneous oxidation.