Fig. 3: Comparison of clinical and transcriptomic features between patients who may benefit from restrictive fluid strategy and those who may benefit from liberal strategy.

a The two groups, liberal (n = 260) and restrictive (n = 92), were compared for their differences in clinical features. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to assess the statistical differences in each variable represented on the x-axis across the four groups. Significance levels are indicated with asterisks as follows: ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^****p < 0.001. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM, and it is noted that all variables have been normalized for comparison purposes. b A plot matrix is presented to illustrate the distribution of samples within the clinical feature space, as defined by the first three principal components. c Similarly, another plot matrix shows the distribution of samples within the transcriptomic feature space, also based on the first three principal components. urine Urine volume; plt platelet count, pcvo central venous oxygen saturation, sapmin minimum arterial lactate, cl creatinine level, tmin minimum body temperature, scvo mixed venous oxygen saturation, wbc white blood cell count, paco arterial carbon dioxide pressure, inr international normalized ratio, rrmax maximum respiratory rate, alb albumin, k potassium, mapmax maximum mean arterial pressure, ddimer D-dimer, hct Hematocrit, mapmin minimum mean arterial pressure, gcs Glasgow coma scale, pao arterial oxygen pressure, aptt activated partial thromboplastin time, lac lactic acid, SaO₂ arterial oxygen saturation, procal procalcitonin, phcv pH of central venous blood, na sodium, ca calcium, hrmax maximum heart rate, abe base excess, tt thrombin time, tmax maximum body temperature, crp C-reactive protein, sapmax maximum arterial lactate, age age, hrmin minimum heart rate, rrmin minimum respiratory rate, bilirubin bilirubin, height height, cr creatinine clearance, pha pH value of arterial blood, pcvco carbon dioxide of central venous blood, bun blood urea nitrogen, fio2 fractional inspired oxygen, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment score, scaled_value scaled value.