Fig. 5: Identification of two sepsis endotypes in the transcriptomic space.

a This panel provides a visualization of the sepsis endotypes in the space defined by the first two principal components. The clusters are differentiated by color and point shape, indicating the distinct transcriptomic profiles of each endotype. b The distribution of the benefit score within the PCA space is depicted, with the red color signifying patients who are more likely to benefit from a restrictive fluid strategy, and the blue color indicating those who may benefit from a liberal fluid strategy. c A volcano plot is presented to illustrate the differentially expressed genes between the two sepsis endotypes. Genes are identified using their Ensembl IDs and gene symbols. It is noted that some genes, particularly those recently discovered or annotated, may not have official gene symbols. Additionally, certain genomic elements such as pseudogenes or specific types of non-coding RNA, which do not encode proteins or have established regulatory functions, may lack symbols. Adjusted two-sided p-values were reported. d A tree plot is utilized to present GO enrichment pathways for the differentially expressed genes, as determined by GSEA. The adjusted two-sided p-values are represented by color intensity, with the circle size corresponding to the count of genes within each pathway.