Fig. 8: A working model for the dynamics of SA-signaling pathway induction and suppression during insect vector-virus-host plant interactions. | Nature Communications

Fig. 8: A working model for the dynamics of SA-signaling pathway induction and suppression during insect vector-virus-host plant interactions.

From: Viral proteins resolve the virus-vector conundrum during hemipteran-mediated transmission by subverting salicylic acid signaling pathway

Fig. 8

Infestation by insect vectors induces SA accumulation. Concomitantly, viruliferous vectors secrete viruses into plants. SA promotes the degradation NPR3-HSP90s complex via 26S proteasomes. Degradation of the negative regulator NPR3 allows for the activation of defense gene expression, which inhibits virus replication providing the host plant immunity to the viral invader (left panel). Viral proteins encoded by vector-borne plant viruses (2b or HC-Pro) or their associated betasatellites (βC1) antagonize the SA-induced antiviral immunity (right panel). These proteins bind to HSP90s and antagonize the SA-induced degradation of NPR3 through yet unknown mechanisms. The persistence of NPR3 inhibits the expression of SA-regulated genes and associated antiviral resistance, thereby promoting virus replication.

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