Fig. 2: Cancer cell infections generate local tumour control and distant abscopal immunity.

a Overall survival of tumour-bearing mice treated with PBS or anti-PD-1 (n = 5 mice/group, except n = 7 mice/group (Female anti-PD-1), n = 6 mice/group (Male control), n = 4 mice/group (OVA+ control), representative of 2 independent experiments, log-rank Mantel-Cox test). b CD8⁺ T cell frequency in M3-9-M tumours 10 days post-implantation (n = 7 mice/group (Female, OVA + ), n = 9 mice/group (Male), compiled from 2 independent experiments, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test). c M3-9-M tumour virus titers post VSV^∆M51-GFP (n = 3 mice/group, representative of 2 independent experiments). d Overall survival of M3-9-M tumour-bearing mice treated with PBS or VSV^∆M51-GFP (n = 4–9 mice/group, compiled from 1 or 2 independent experiments, log-rank Mantel-Cox test). e Tumour infection 24 h post VSV^∆M51-GFP, representative of n = 4 mice/group imaged over 2 independent experiments. Scale bars are 100 µm. f Viral transgene expression in tumours post VSV^∆M51-oFluc (n = 8–12 mice/group measured repeatedly over time, except NTB, which had 3–6 mice, compiled from 2 independent experiments, two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test comparing indicated tumours to M3-9-M). g–j Tumour growth (left) and overall survival (right) of tumour-bearing mice after treatment with PBS or VSV^∆M51 ± αCD8 (left: n = 5 mice/group (except n = 4 mice/group for VSV + αCD8 condition in g), representative of 2 independent experiments; right: n = 5–13 mice/group, compiled from 1–2 independent experiments, log-rank Mantel–Cox test). k Schematic of experiment involving bilateral infection-modulated tumours. l, m Tumour growth of M3-9-M^Sens1 (l) or M3-9-M^Res1 (m) tumours after PBS or VSV^∆M51 treatment of mice bearing bilateral tumours (n = 5–16 tumours/group, representative of 2 independent experiments, two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test). n Overall survival of mice bearing bilateral tumours treated with PBS or VSV^∆M51 (n = 9–16 mice/group, compiled from 2 independent experiments, log-rank Mantel-Cox test). In all experiment, VSV^∆M51 was delivered i.v. at 5 × 10⁸ PFU. Points at mean ± SD. Schematics in Fig. 2k–m were created in BioRender. Lab, M (2024) BioRender.com/m62j741. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Occasionally n is given as a range as the number of mice in each group varies. Please see the Source Data file for the exact n in each group.