Fig. 6: Dual inhibitions on glycolysis and OXPHOS in PSC.

Glucose uptake (a) and lactate secretion (b) of PSC after different treatments in standard culture medium or T3M4-CM at pH 6.5 for 48 h. Data were normalized to PSC cultured in the standard medium without treatment (n = 3 independent experiments). c ECAR of PSC treated with different formulations in standard culture medium (pH 6.5) for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). d OCR of PSC cultured in the standard medium (pH 6.5) after treatment of indicated formulations for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). e ECAR of PSC treated with different formulations in the T3M4-CM (pH 6.5) for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). f OCR of PSC cultured in the T3M4-CM (pH 6.5) after treatment of indicated formulations for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). g ECAR of PSC treated with T-AsiG-CPL in standard culture medium or T3M4-CM for 48 h at pH 6.5 (n = 6 independent experiments). h Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity of PSC were calculated from the ECAR curves (n = 6 independent experiments). i OCR measurements of PSC with T-AsiG-CPL treatment cultured in standard culture or T3M4-CM (pH 6.5) for 48 h (n = 6 independent experiments). j Basal respiration, maximal respiration, and ATP production of PSC were calculated from the OCR curves (n = 6 independent experiments). Cells were treated with various formulations (AsiG: 50 nM; TPCA-1: 10 μM). The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA (a, b), (h), and (j) with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test were used for statistical significance analysis. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.