Fig. 2: RAVs and ARFs are ancestral streptophyte-specific ortholog genes.
From: Evolutionary origins and functional diversification of Auxin Response Factors
a Schematic representation of RAV and ARF proteins primary sequence based on Marchantia polymorpha protein primary sequences of RAV and ARF1. BRD stands for B3 repression ___domain. b Maximum likelihood square phylogenetic tree of B3 domains in Viridiplantae rooted using REM as outgroup. Bootstrap values are indicated as color-coded bubbles in branch nodes. Scale bar represents distance in substitutions per residue. c Raincloud plot of half-thallus area measurements of 10-day-old Mparf1 mutant complemented a line with MpARF1 B3 ___domain swapped for MpRAV B3 grown in mock (DMSO) or auxin (3 μM NAA). n = 16,15,24,28,14,19,16,15 (left to right, mock/treatment). Statistical groups are determined by Tukey’s Post-Hoc test (p < 0.05) following one-way ANOVA. d Representative pictures of plants in c), Scale bar, 5 mm. e Unrooted maximum likelihood gene tree of the eukaryotic PB1s re-analysed from Mutte & Weijers 2020. Bootstrap values are indicated in key nodes as color-coded bubbles in branch nodes. Scale bar represents distance in substitutions per residue. f Maximum likelihood square phylogenetic tree of ARF/RAV-related PB1 domains rooted using Chlorophyta Pho1-like PB1 sequences as outgroup. Bootstrap values are indicated as color-coded bubbles in branch nodes. Scale bar represents distance in substitutions per residue. g Summary of Marchantia polymorpha PB1 pairwise interaction assays in yeast-two-hybrid combining drop and galactosidase activity assays (see Supplementary Fig. 6, and Supplementary Data 2). h Raincloud plot of half-thallus area measurements of 10-day-old Mparf1 mutant complemented lines with MpARF1 PB1 ___domain swapped for MpRAV and MpIAA PB1s grown in mock (DMSO) or auxin (3 μM NAA). n = 18,17,27,24,23,28,11,15,24,20 (left to right, mock/treatment). Boxplots in Raincloud indicate the following parameters: centrum, median; upper bound, first quartile; lower bound, third quartile; whiskers maximum and minimum refer to highest and lowest values, respectively, within 1.5*inter-quartile range (IQR). Statistical groups are determined by Tukey’s Post-Hoc test (p < 0.05) following one-way ANOVA. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
