Fig. 2: The capability of WES to deliver macromolecular drugs to fundus. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: The capability of WES to deliver macromolecular drugs to fundus.

From: Wearable electrodriven switch actively delivers macromolecular drugs to fundus in non-invasive and controllable manners

Fig. 2

a Statistical analysis showing the distribution of FITC-IgG in the fundus after varying WES durations (n = 3 biological replicates). The exact P-value between the EDDL and WES group at 10 min was 2.67 × 10−5. b Statistical analysis showing the distribution of FITC-IgG in eyeballs subjected to different frequencies of WES (n = 3 biological replicates). c Statistical analysis showing the distribution of FITC-IgG in eyeballs delivered by WES and intravitreal injection, respectively (n = 3 biological replicates). d Representative confocal images illustrating the distribution of FITC-IgG in the fundus following WES and intravitreal injection delivery, respectively. Scale bar, 100 µm. INL, inner nuclear layer. ONL, outer nuclear layer. e, f Morphological of the rDOSs (e) and EVs (f). Scale bar, 200 nm. g, h Representative confocal images (g) and statistical analyses (h) illustrating the distribution of TAMRA-rDOSs in the fundus following WES and intravitreal injection delivery, respectively (n = 3 biological replicates). Scale bar, 100 µm. i, j Representative confocal images (i) and statistical analyses (j) illustrating the distribution of DiD-EVs in the fundus following WES and intravitreal injection delivery, respectively (n = 3 biological replicates). k Comparative analysis of IgG delivery efficiency in mouse eyeballs after 10 min WES and intravitreal injection at 1 h and 24 h (n = 4 biological replicates). l Distribution of IgG in the rabbit eye choroid, cornea, and vitreous 1 h post-10 min WES and intravitreal injection delivery (n = 4 biological replicates). The data were presented as the means ± standard deviations (SDs). Error bars = SD. P-values in (a) and (l) were calculated via one-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-hoc test. P-values in (b), (c), (h) and (j) were calculated via an unpaired two-tailed t test. Every imaging experiment was conducted three times, yielding findings that were similar each time. P < 0.05 was shown. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

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