Fig. 1: Illustration of the design of scRNA-seq aided immunotherapy facilitated by AIE COF-induced TLS formation. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Illustration of the design of scRNA-seq aided immunotherapy facilitated by AIE COF-induced TLS formation.

From: Trigger inducible tertiary lymphoid structure formation using covalent organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy

Fig. 1

The application of AIE COF-mediated phototherapy leads to the induction of TLS formation by stimulating the excessive secretion of key cytokines. This process subsequently promotes the maturation, proliferation, and migration of T and B cells. To explore the underlying mechanisms, single-cell sequencing was utilized, and receptor-ligand interactions between cells were analyzed using CellphoneDB, a tool for characterizing cell-cell communication networks from scRNA-seq data. Notably, the analysis indicated that PD−1 expression in T cells did not increase following AIE COF treatment. In contrast, there of CD86 expression, a ligand for CTLA4 was markedly upregulated. Consequently, combining αCTLA4 blockade with AIE COF treatment exhibits a higher potential to effectively suppress the growth of both primary and distant tumors.

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