Fig. 6: Inhibition of DA release into the ventral striatum and sniffing.

a Schematic of optogenetically-inhibited sniffing paradigm. 560 nm light was used to activate eNpHR and 405 nm light was used for controls. Some aspects created in BioRender. Wesson, D. (2024) https://BioRender.com/j05r121. b Bilateral optic fiber implant locations in the TuS (n = 6) and NAcSh (n = 5). c Representative bilateral implant in the TuS from a single mouse. di Example of respiration during photoinhibition periods. Raw respiratory trace (resp) is shown with interpolated instantaneous frequency above (Inst Hz). 560 nm LED duration indicated by red shaded box. dii. Normalized respiratory frequency during the 3 s before light stimulation compared to respiratory frequency during 5 s light stimulation (405 nm stimulation—left, 560 nm stimulation—right). Blue dots indicate TuS implanted mice, green dots indicate NAcSh implanted mice. **p < 0.01. (ANOVA, see Results for actual p value; n = 6 TuS mice, 5 NAc mice). Data are mean ± SEM. e Average instantaneous sniffing frequency of TuS (ei) and NAcSh (eii) implanted mice across repeated odor presentations with concurrent delivery of 560 nm or 405 nm light. Mean during 560 nm concurrent light delivery shown in red, with individual mouse data across trials shown in light red. Mean during 405 nm concurrent light delivery shown in gray, with individual mouse data across trials shown in light gray. f Average instantaneous sniffing frequency of TuS (fi) and NacSh (fii) implanted mice across repeated buzz presentations with concurrent delivery of 560 nm (red) or 405 nm (gray) light. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.