Fig. 5: Carrier transport and recombination dynamics.

a M-S plots for the control and 2DPAA device. b TPC curves of the control and 2DPAA-treated device. c, d PL and TRPL spectra of the control and 2DPAA-treated perovskite film. e Characteristics of photocurrent density versus effective voltage (Jph-Veff) on a double logarithmic scale. f Light intensity dependence on VOC plots for both devices. g EIS spectra for both devices (inset: equivalent circuit). h TPV decay for the control and 2DPAA-treated device. i EL spectra of the control and 2DPAA-treated device.