Fig. 6: 40 Hz blue light treatment enhances motivative behaviors in 14-month-old 5xFAD mice.

a The experimental timeline of blue light treatment, behavioral tests, injection of the OVA-Alexa Fluor 647 tracer into the cisterna magna (i.c.m.) and sacrifice (sac). b Representative traces of animals’ traveling paths in the Y-maze. c The total numbers of arm entries in the Y-maze test (n = 9, 6, 7). d Quantification of the total traveled distance in the Y-maze test (n = 9, 6, 7). e Quantification of the velocity in the Y-maze test (n = 9, 6, 7). f Representative traces of animals’ traveling paths during the training session of the novel object recognition (NOR). g Quantification of the total time spent on exploring both objects during the training sessions of NOR (n = 10, 6, 7). h Quantification of the total traveled distance in the NOR training session (n = 10, 6, 7). i Quantification of the velocity in the NOR training session (n = 10, 6, 7). j Representative traces of animals’ traveling paths in the social interaction test (SIT). k Quantification of the total time spent on exploring the social subject (a novel mouse) and the non-social subject (a toy mouse) during the SIT (n = 10, 6, 7). l Quantification of the total traveled distance in the SIT (n = 10, 6, 7). m Quantification of the velocity in the SIT (n = 10, 6, 7). WT-Con, wild-type littermates that did not receive blue light treatment; AD-Con, 5xFAD mice that did not receive blue light treatment; AD-BLUE, 5xFAD mice that received 40 Hz blue light treatment. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.