Fig. 7: 40 Hz blue light treatment increases glymphatic drainage in 14-month-old 5xFAD mice.

a Upper panel, the atlas of the brain coronal sections collected. Lower panel, representative images depicting intracisternally-injected OVA tracer (red) distribution. The sections were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 1000 μm. b Quantification of the fluorescence intensity and the percentage of area covered by the OVA tracer in the brain parenchyma (n = 10, 6, 6). c Representative images depicting OVA tracer (red) and DAPI (blue) staining in the deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs). Scale bar, 250 μm. d Quantification of the fluorescence intensity and the percentage of area covered by the OVA tracer in the dCLNs (n = 10, 6, 6). e Representative images of the immunofluorescence staining of AQP4 in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) subregions of the dorsal hippocampus and the primary visual cortex (VC). Scale bars, 50 μm. f Quantification of the polarization index of AQP4 across different brain regions (n = 10, 6, 6). WT-Con, wild-type littermates that did not receive blue light treatment; AD-Con, 5xFAD mice that did not receive blue light treatment; AD-BLUE, 5xFAD mice that received 40 Hz blue light treatment. All data are presented as the mean ± SEM and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test.