Fig. 4: Turbulent heat flux (\({J}_{q}^{EL}\)) at the mean depth of entrainment layer (EL) and EL mixing parameters as dependency of zonal wind stress τx in the central Pacific (CP) and eastern Pacific (EP) regions.
From: Subsurface ocean turbulent mixing enhances central Pacific ENSO
a Time series of monthly \({\tau }_{x}\) and monthly \({J}_{q}^{{EL}}\) averaged over CP region (170°E–140°W and 3°S–3°N); shading denotes 95% bootstrap confidence intervals. b–d The responses of \({r}_{{ELM}}\), \({k}_{{EL}}\) and \({J}_{q}^{{EL}}\), respectively, to \({\tau }_{x}\); colors show the mean SST monthly anomalies; all properties are averaged over growing months SON; inlets show the correlation coefficients. e–h The same as a–d respectively, but for the EP region (130°–110°W and 3°S–3°N); compared to a–d note the smaller range of \({\tau }_{x}\), as well as the reversed relation between SST monthly anomalies and \({\tau }_{x}\).
