Fig. 3: Microstructural transformation of spent NCM electrode particles in galvanic leaching system.
From: Galvanic leaching recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries via low entropy-increasing strategy
a–c Raw materials of spent NCM particles. d–f 5-min leaching products. g–i 10-min leaching products. a, d, g are HAADF-STEM images. b, e, h are electron diffraction patterns taken directly from TEM equipment. c, f, i are HRTEM image of different leaching products and the corresponding FFT patterns analyzed by Digital Micrograph. j The degradation mechanism of NCM electrodes during galvanic leaching.
