Fig. 1: Scattering-utilising LFIA concept.

a Visible light path in the structures of (i) conventional and (ii) scattering-utilising LFIAs. b Schematic illustration, digital images, and signal intensity profiling of (i) conventional and (ii) scattering-utilising LFIAs. c Colourimetric images taken using Chemi-doc equipment with various dilutions of 100 nm AuNP spots on conventional and scattering-utilising LFIAs. OD denotes optical density, AuNP gold nanoparticle, LFIA lateral flow immunoassay.