Fig. 4: Theta-synchronized (TS) stimulation persistently increased SEP and PLI metrics of network connectivity.
From: Closed-loop control of theta oscillations enhances human hippocampal network connectivity
A Mean SEPs before (Pre) and after (Post) TS stimulation (onset at t = 0, dashed line). B Mean SEPs following phase-blind (PB) control stimulation. Plotting conventions follow (A). C Mean changes (post vs. pre) in peak-to-peak waveform amplitude for early and late time periods. TS stimulation increased SEP amplitude compared to PB stimulation (n = 7 participants, linear mixed-effects model β  = 10.3, 95% CI = [1.9, 18.7], F(1, 60.7) = 5.8, p = 0.02, *). D Mean phase lag index (PLI) before (Pre) and after (Post) TS stimulation. Significant increases following TS stimulation are denoted by asterisks (n = 7 participants, linear mixed-effects model β = 0.01, 95% CI = [0.003, 0.03], F(1, 11.5) = 5.8, p = 0.03, *). E Mean PLI before (Pre) and after (Post) shows no observable effect of PB stimulation. A–E Black lines denote Pre, red lines denote Post TS stimulation, and blue lines denote Post PB stimulation. Shaded regions and error bars denote  ± SEM. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
