Fig. 1: Large-scale photonic integrated circuit-based interleaver for low-noise microwave generation.
From: Large-scale photonic chip based pulse interleaver for low-noise microwave generation
a Illustration of the photonic microwave generation process with a mode-locked laser and the improvement of microwave power and SNR through pulse interleaving. b Size reduction of the pulse interleaver by replacing the free space optics with the on-chip components in a photonic microwave generation system. Inset is the optical micrograph of the fabricated Si3N4 interleaver chip, overlaid with the schematic of the Si3N4 waveguide. c Illustration of the working principle of the cascaded unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer pulse interleaver. d Top view image of the 6-stage interleaver chip mounted on a printed circuit board for breaking out the heater connections.
