Fig. 1: Distinct immune-related gene expression programs and tumor-associated macrophage compositions in functionally connected intratumoral regions of human glioblastoma.

a–c Bar plots summarizing the results of gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA) with MSigDB Hallmark collection comparing HFC vs. LFC within tumor cells (a), myeloid cells (b), and lymphoid cells c. Statistical values are shown in each figure as normalized enrichment scores (NES) and adjusted p values. Positive and negative NES values indicate upregulation (shown in red) and downregulation (shown in blue) in HFC compared with those from LFC regions. The top six upregulated and downregulated signatures are presented. Complete results of the GSEA are provided in Supplementary Data 1. d Feature plots showing the expression patterns of representative marker genes used for the cell annotations. UMAP plots showing the relative compositions of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, or undetermined subpopulation in the entire myeloid cell population (e), and within those isolated from intratumoral regions with HFC and LFC f. The percentages of each subpopulation within each region are shown on the right. g Feature plots highlighting the distributions of the Mg-TAM and Mo-TAM signature scores. h UMAP plots showing the relative compositions of Mg-TAMs and Mo-TAMs within those isolated from intratumoral regions with HFC and LFC (left), and their percentages within each region are shown in the line plot (right). i Feature plots and violin plots showing the distributions of TSP1 gene expression in Mg-TAMs and Mo-TAMs. p values were calculated using a two-sided Fisher’s exact test f, h. For details on statistical tests used in a–c and i, see “Methods”. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.