Fig. 5: Assessment of fixation and healing of an OVX SD rat model of femoral fracture using the Mg-ALN@Gel bone adhesive. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Assessment of fixation and healing of an OVX SD rat model of femoral fracture using the Mg-ALN@Gel bone adhesive.

From: Injectable magnesium-bisphosphonate MOF-based bone adhesive prevents excessive fibrosis for osteoporotic fracture repair

Fig. 5

a Experimental design for establishing the OVX SD rat model of femoral fracture and evaluating fracture repair using the Mg-ALN@Gel bone adhesive. b, c Macroscopic views and MicroCT 3D reconstructed images of healed femurs at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment with different samples, black scale bar: 1 cm, white scale bar: 2 mm, red scale bar: 500 μm. d Quantification of BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Pf, Tb.Sp, and SMI at the fracture site after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment with various samples (n = 3 biologically independent samples). e Safranin O/Fast Green staining at the fracture site after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment with different samples. f Quantification of glycosaminoglycan area of Safranin O/Fast Green staining (n = 3 biologically independent samples). g Picrosirius red staining and polarized light imaging of new bone formation at the fracture site after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment with various samples. h Quantification of type I/III collagen ratio (n = 3 biologically independent samples). i Von Kossa staining of healed femurs at 6 and 12 weeks post-treatment with different samples. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of new bone formation at the fracture site after 6 weeks ( j) and 12 weeks (k) of treatment with various samples. l Bone remodeling rate represented by the intensity ratio of calcein green/alizarin red at the fracture site after 6 and 12 weeks of treatment with different samples (n = 3 biologically independent samples). m The new bone growth speed determined by the distance between calcein green and alizarin red lines (n = 6 independent ranges). n Four-point bending biomechanical test performed on healed femurs at 12 weeks post-treatment with different samples, with force-displacement curves obtained. The maximum failure load of the healed bone is recorded, the recovery ratio was calculated compared to native femur tissue (o), Improvement ratio was calculated compared to the ALN+Gel group (p). Three independent experiments were performed and representative results are shown in (b, c, e, g, i, j, k, n). Data are presented as mean values ± SEM. The significance of differences was assessed using a two-sided Student’s t test with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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