Fig. 3: Microbial co-occurrence networks and topological features.

a Co-occurrence patterns of soil bacterial-fungal-protistan interkingdom with and without plant. The topological features of b average degree, c path length, and d robustness between these two co-occurrence networks. e The comparison of node-level topological features (degree and closeness centrality) between bacterial, fungal, and protistan taxa in the networks with and without plant.