Fig. 5: The influence pathways of plant removal and litter manipulations on EMF. | npj Biofilms and Microbiomes

Fig. 5: The influence pathways of plant removal and litter manipulations on EMF.

From: Root carbon inputs outweigh litter in shaping grassland soil microbiomes and ecosystem multifunctionality

Fig. 5

Structural equation model (SEM) analyses of the effects of a plant removal and litter addition, and b plant removal and litter removal on soil microbial diversity and EMF. The final model fits well based on the chi-square and RMSEA tests (a χ2= 0.230, P = 0.973, RMSEA = 0.000, df = 3; b χ2 = 0.758, P = 0.859, RMSEA = 0.000, df = 3). The black dashed arrow represents a non-significant pathway. Orange and black solid arrows indicate significant positive and negative pathways, respectively. Numbers adjacent to the arrows are standardized path coefficients with different significance levels: ^P < 0.100, *P < 0.050, **P < 0.010, and ***P < 0.001. R2 value for each dependent variable refers to the proportion of variance explained by the model.

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