Fig. 8: Different integration strategies for Sensing Fibers in E-Textiles.

a The woven sensing textile¹⁰². (1) Schematic illustration of the capacitive sensor unit. (2) The electronic fabric with a woven structure. (3) Dynamic instantaneous capacitive response to varying strain (ranging from 0.5–100%). (4) Performance of the sensor unit during 1000 stretching-releasing cycles. Copyright©2018, The Royal Society of Chemistry. b The embroidered sensing textile¹⁰³. (1) Illustration of the digital embroidery process. (2) Mechanical robustness test results. (3) Images of embroidered textiles subjected to folding and twisting. (4) Machine washing test results. Copyright©2022, Springer Nature. c The knitted sensing textile¹⁰⁴. (1) Schematics of a weft-knitted textile. (2) Schematic vertical view of the textile surface annotated showing three components of a fiber bundle cells’ resistance. (3) The typical negative differential resistance tensile response of a graphene-based textile strain sensor. Copyright©2022, ACS. d The braided textile¹⁰⁶. (1) Schematic illustration for the fabrication of a braided electronic cord. (2) A braided electronic cord based on core-spun pressure-sensing yarns. (3) Capacitance performance test results of electronically braided wire at different humidity. Copyright©2022, Springer Nature. e The screen-printed textile¹⁰⁷. (1) Structure design and sensing mechanism of the e-textile. (2) Resistances of the electrode when variable degrees of bending. (3) Resistances of the electrode after being immersed in water for different times. Copyright©2018, ACS.