Fig. 1: ∆3678 SARS-CoV-2 induced strong mucosal and systemic immune responses in K18-hACE2 mice one month post intranasal vaccination. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 1: ∆3678 SARS-CoV-2 induced strong mucosal and systemic immune responses in K18-hACE2 mice one month post intranasal vaccination.

From: A single-dose of intranasal vaccination with a live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate promotes protective mucosal and systemic immunity

Fig. 1

a Study design and vaccination timeline. b Weight loss is indicated by percentage using the weight on the day of vaccination as 100%. Lung leukocytes (c, d) or splenocytes (i) were cultured ex vivo with S peptide pools for 6 h, and stained for IFN-γ, CD3, and CD4 or CD8. Fold increase of IFN-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expansion compared to the mock vaccinated group is shown (c and i). d Percent positive of IFN-γ+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells among lung T cells is shown. e, f Lung leukocytes were stimulated in vitro for 7 days with immunostimulatory agents (R848 plus rIL-2) and seeded onto ELISPOT plates coated with SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Frequencies of SARS-CoV-2 RBD specific IgA-secreting lung B cells per 106 input cells in MBC cultures. IgA (g) and IgG (h) titers in BAL presented as O.D. values by ELISA. Sera IgG (j) and IgG2C (k) endpoint titers by ELISA. **P < 0.01, or *P < 0.05 compared to mock group. ##P < 0.01, or #P < 0.05 compared to WT group. Unpaired, 2-tailed Student’s t test was used to determine the differences. Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m).

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