Extended Data Fig. 1: Model spectra of a water-rich atmosphere around a GJ 1214 b -like planet with 10 nm haze particles.

We show the effect of our newly measured haze optical properties using small radii (10 nm) haze particles, focusing on the wavelength range accessible to Hubble. The method and settings for generating the spectra here are the same as described in 4.5, except the haze particle radii (10 nm) and haze mass loading (4 particles/cm3). With sufficiently small particles, the large scattering slopes between different haze compositions are differentiable with Hubble’s ultraviolet/visible capabilities even if such hazes less strongly impact the NIR.