Extended Data Fig. 8: Circuit design and characteristics, as well as the mobile application.

a, System-level block diagram showing signal conversion, processing, and wireless transmission from sensors to user interface. To extend battery life, the system is designed to include a sleep state, a Bluetooth state, and a work state, with the Bluetooth chip in the sleep state the majority of the time. Power consumption in each state was 6.3 μW (1.9 μA, 3.3 V), 660 μW (200 μA, 3.3 V), and 9.57 mW (2.9 mA, 3.3 V). b, The battery voltage changes over time in each of the three operating modes. c, Photographs of the printed circuit boards. The circuit, which has a thickness of 200 μm and a diameter of 7 mm, is easily assembled and fits well into a standard size 2 capsule. d, Thermal images of the circuit board after various times of operation. Circuit heating was less than 0.2 °C after 30 min of operation. The scale bar is 5 mm. e, The application’s homepage prior to Bluetooth pairing. f, Real-time display of representative data from the capsule. g, Historical data analysis and display.