Fig. 3: MSIs generate a sustained inflammatory response at the implant–tissue interface.
a,b, UMAP plots of all cells from murine FBR capsules classified by sample type (a) and time points (b). A total of 36,827 cells were analysed. c, Relative proportion of myeloid, lymphoid fibroblast, and endothelial cells in 2-week and 4-week capsules. d, UMAP plots coloured by cell type. e, Relative proportion of myeloid, lymphoid, fibroblast, and endothelial cells in SM implants and MSI capsules. Myeloid cells were the most abundant cell type in both capsules and were particularly enriched with mechanical stimulation. f,g, Gene expression of fibroblast-defining genes (f) and immune cell-defining genes (g) projected onto UMAP embeddings. Grey, no gene expression; light orange, low gene expression; bright orange, high gene expression. h, Violin plots of MSI capsules compared with SM implant capsules. i,j, CODEX immunofluorescence staining of Rac2 (i) and (j) F4/80. The implant is located at the bottom of each image (n = 3 independent capsules per group; Rac2, *P = 0.0212; F4/80, *P = 0.0154). Scale bar, 50 μm. Statistical comparisons for i and j were made by using a two-tailed t-test. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Endo, endothelial.
