Extended Data Fig. 7: Phenotypic characterization of GINS grafts.

a, Quantification from immunofluorescent staining of marker proteins, n = 3 independent experiments. Representative image showing co-expression of INS and CPPT in the GINS graft. b, Electron microscopy imaging of GINS graft. The electron-dense core granules were partially condensed. Repeated independently 3 times with similar results. c, SLC30A8 relative expression levels in GINS organoids, GINS grafts, and human islets. n=3 independent groups of GINS organoids, independent GINS grafts from different mice, or independent human islets from different donors. Data presented as mean ± s.d.; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett multiple comparisons test comparing GINS with islets. d, Images of the kidney from mice transplanted with GINS cells on day 0 and day 110 post transplantation. e, mCherry-labeled hGSCs (0.5 x 10⁶) transplanted under the renal capsule and visualized under fluorescent microscope on day 0 and day 80 post transplantation. No Cherry⁺ cells were found at day 80. Repeated independently 5 times with similar results. f, tSNE projection of integrated GINS organoids and grafts. Cells are colored according to cell types. Horizontal bars indicate cell type ratios. g, Violin plots showing the expression levels of select ribonucleoproteins. h, Relative expression of select genes in the pathways elevated in cultured GINS β-like cells compared with human islet-β cells.

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