Fig. 1: Identification of a human CM-specific lncRNA LIPTER (LINC00881).

a, A schematic diagram shows the integrated transcriptomic analyses of data from human heart tissues and human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiovascular cells. NF, non-failure. b, RT–qPCR detection of LINC00881 expression in hiPSC-derived cardiovascular cell types (n = 3 independent experiments). c, RT–qPCR results of LINC00881 expressions in all collected human hearts. NF (n = 18 samples), NF + T2DM (n = 4 samples), DCM (n = 12 samples), DCM + T2DM (n = 6 samples). d, LINC00881 expression profile across human organs from the NIH Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project database. TPM, transcripts per million. Whiskers show the minimum to maximum values, and bounds of boxes represent first and third quantiles and the centre line indicates the median. e, The scRNA-seq data from a human foetal heart reveal CM-specific LINC00881 expression. f, Violin plots showing LINC00881 (n = 439 cells), NKX2.5 (n = 647 cells), MYH6 (n = 417 cells), CTNT (n = 718 cells) and MYH7 (n = 582 cells) expression in CMs by analysing scRNA-seq data from e. Whiskers show the minimum to maximum values, and bounds of boxes represent first and third quantiles and the centre line indicates the median. g, Interspecies conservation analysis of LINC00881 sequence. h, A scheme of CM differentiation from hiPSCs by forming EBs. i, Expression dynamics of LIPTER and NKX2.5 during CM differentiation. Dots are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Unpaired two-tailed t-test is used for comparison (n = 3 independent experiments). j, Dual gRNAs were designed to completely knock out LIPTER in hiPSCs using CRISPR/Cas-9. k, LIPTER expression in WT and LIPTER^KO hiPSC-derived EBs at day 20 (n = 4 independent experiments). l, Ratios of cTnT⁺ CMs in day 40 hiPSC-EBs (n = 4 independent experiments). In b, c, k and l, bars are represented as mean ± s.e.m. Unpaired two-tailed t-test is used for comparison. Source numerical data are available in source data.

Source data