Fig. 3: Primary productivity and nutrient drawdown.

a–c, Time series over the AO during the historical (1970–2014) and forecast (2015–2100) periods of integrated net primary production (TgC yr⁻¹) (a), integrated net nitrogen assimilation rate (TgN yr⁻¹) (b) and averaged (over the surface layer, 0–50 m) summer (September) percentage of the AO area limited by nutrients (%) (c). Bars on the right represent the contributions of climate change (purple), terrigenous inputs (orange) and the scenario uncertainty (black).