Fig. 6: Remineralization and export flux.

a–f, Time series of main biogeochemical fluxes and respective ratios expressed in terms of nitrogen and carbon over the AO during the historical (1970–2014) and forecast (2015–2100) periods: integrated remineralization rate (TgN yr−1) (a), remineralization efficiency (=remineralization in the upper 100 m/export flux) (b), nitrogen (c) and carbon (e) export fluxes at 100 m (TgN yr−1, TgC yr−1), and respective nitrogen (d) and carbon (f) export efficiencies illustrating the ‘BCP efficiency’ (=export flux/net nitrogen assimilation by phytoplankton; export flux/NPP). Bars on the right represent the contributions of climate change (purple), terrigenous inputs (orange) and the scenario uncertainty (black).