Correction to: Nature Climate Change https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02294-1, published online 24 March 2025.

In the version of the article initially published, the first sentences of the “Combined impact of dependence on food imports” section were “In the GCAM, international crop trade is simplified using the Heckscher–Ohlin model, which treats trade as occurring in a single global market without specifically tracking for bilateral imports. However, in this study, we adopted a more realistic approach by incorporating actual global trade patterns, using bilateral trade flows” and have now been corrected to “In the version of GCAM used in this study, international crop trade is treated as occurring in regional markets without specifically tracking for bilateral flows. In this study, we use bilateral flow data to further explore the combined impact of a country’s cropland loss and its dependence on food imports”. This correction has been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article.