Fig. 1: Trend estimates were derived from four road transect studies and a bird atlas project, located in West, Central, East and southern Africa.

Road transects were conducted in West Africa, northern Cameroon and Kenya in 1969–1977 and 2000–2020, and in northern Botswana in 1991–1995 and 2015–2016. Here, orange shading indicates parts of the global range of bateleur Terathopius ecaudatus that lie within road transect countries and overlap with areas where climatic conditions match those of the routes surveyed in that country. Grey shading indicates the rest of the species’ range within surveyed and unsurveyed countries alike. Bar charts show percentage change in the number of individuals encountered per 100 km within protected and unprotected areas (PAs and UPAs), projected over three generation lengths; 44 yr in this instance. The species’ trajectory within its South African range (mauve) was derived from SABAP2 reporting rates during 2008–2021. Photograph: © André Botha.